First of all, the Grounded Theory was used to analyze the content of the open-ended questions about the reasons behind the willingness mentioned by the parents in the questionnaire, and key factors affecting parents willingness were extracted under the guidance of Field Theory. They have music playing. During the epidemic, the unprecedented changes and crises in the external environment affected learners physical and mental health. Functional schools represent those that served mainly white children in the past. The site is secure. Whether to send a child back to school is related to confidence in the school, the challenges of home learning, and parents work factors (Hageman, 2020). In the analysis of life space, the most important point is to understand the various forces that affect behavior, and to ultimately control and adjust these forces according to the purpose of the action. At the time, many commentators and experts speculated as to the reasons for the disparity. Qazi A, Naseer K, Qazi J, Alsalman H, Naseem U, Yang S, Yang SQ, Hardaker G, Gumaei A. Return to school for pediatric solid organ transplant recipients in the United States during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Expert opinion on key considerations and best practices. Background On 23 March 2020, schools closed to most children in England in response to COVID-19 until September 2020. This thread is archived With respect to the society, every citizen should take responsibility for reducing the risk and help to prevent and control the spread of the epidemic. They have posters up. That's why I send my children to public schools, and I encourage other parents to do the same. Black and Latina women faced particularly high rates of job loss, in part because they were more likely to have jobs that could not be done from home. In the post-epidemic era, as the epidemic situation gradually stabilizes, the problem of resuming classes would follow (Betz, 2020). Based on the Field Theory, the psychological force that affects individual behavior is produced by the interaction between personal factors and environmental factors. Ludvigsson JF. Then the labels with similar meanings were classified and merged, and seven categories: intuitive expectation, health issue, learning effectiveness, perceived epidemic safety, school environment, family environment, and social environment, were extracted. Conventional to online education during covid-19 pandemic: Do develop and underdeveloped nations cope alike. The questionnaire used a 5-point Likert scale to judge the degree of parents willingness to return their children to school, which gives the corresponding weight to each degree of parental willingness: 2=strongly unwilling, 1=Quite unwilling, 0=No tendency, 1="Quite willing, 2=Strongly willing. We calculated the average weight of each factor that represented parents willingness to send their children back to school using the following function: The weightings of factors influencing parents willingness are shown in Fig. ZZ and YL conceived the research conception and design. Eysenck HJ, Lewin K. Field theory in social science. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Lee J. "I'm so worn out. In a survey conducted in China, more than half of the teachers believed that parents participation in online teaching is limited or very poor (Limbers, 2021). 2Strongly willing, 1Quite willing, 0No tendency, 1Quite unwilling, and 2Strongly reluctant. And there is a relationship between a lot of those characteristics and race, but if we really drill down into the race, there are specific populations who seem to be most hesitant. Knowledge related to the epidemic situation and skills of epidemic prevention can be introduced by sharing popular science books and scene simulations. A respected military school might be a better choice. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Due to school closure or family confinement during the pandemic, physical harm, emotional impact, and sexual abuse suffered by students are also increasing (d'Orville, 2020; Lee, 2020; Ludvigsson, 2020). Before the questionnaire was distributed, the government policy encouraged schools to organize students to return to school and resume classes from April 27, 2020. This study contributes to the literature by investigating the factors that concern parents when sending their children back to school after the COVID-19 outbreak and analyzed the dilemma that they were facing. COVID-19 and school return: The need and necessity. Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Moreover, childrens health and safety are the most vital concerns when parents are considering whether to let their children return to school (Limbers, 2021; Tikkanen, 2019). Its a challenge when they have to be home, because you dont know when a child is going to be like: Mommy! She wrote: We agreed to keep the family safe first! In addition, it is also suggested to put forward some inclusive measures in education, community health, and social protection settings to support young peoples healthy development (Arnove, 2020) and reduce the psychological and emotional harm caused by the epidemic. A recent report out of Louisiana found that 3,000 children in the state tested positive for COVID-19 over the span of just four days. Online teaching of primary and secondary schools teachers in China during the epidemic: Status, problems and strategies. 1 and Table Table4,4, it can be seen that the effects of perceived epidemic safety are opposite to others. The larger the circle, the more times it is mentioned by parents. However, he opted to send his sixth grader to school in-person. We found, as we describe in a new working paper, that the biggest factor for many families was rather concrete: whether a parent or other adult was available during the school day to supervise kids. Thank you so much for joining us once again. Only by understanding their preferences and concerns can we directly hit the internal problems, so as to provide better services and improve the educational system during the epidemic. He's the former executive director of the White House Initiative on HBCUs News in the Obama administration. Those who live in the backward areas might need supports in terms of network, software, and hardware infrastructure; thus, easily accessible courses such as TV broadcasting courses might be a good choice. We aimed to find answers to the above questions from the parents perspectives. We found that although most parents were concerned about the safety of in-person schooling, parents who lost their job during the pandemic (and those who were previously stay-at-home parents or working only part-time) were able to center safety in their decision-making, as it was more practical for them to keep their children home full-time. It is also expected that the external power should step in and support the responsible parties to realize the educational function to the greatest extent. Many parents were influenced by their children's positive experiences in Welsh-medium preschools and wished their children to continue with their primary school education through Welsh. Pandemic job losses disproportionately impacted workers of color, workers without university degrees, and especially women workers in both these groups. Why Do We Send Kids to School? Material preparation and data collection were performed by ZZ, XY, and QC. Then, students could only obtain support from one main aspect rather than all three, which might be the essential reason leading to the education crisis. Smaller class sizes- parents will send their children to private schools over the fact that there are smaller class sizes unlike in public schools where there may be congestion which may eventually . As a teacher, a mother and a life coach working with parents, I've had to ask myself and my clients this question many times. We excluded 325 questionnaires that did not include meaningful opinions or which were left blank. Explaining that decision, she wrote: We decided, because we have older relatives who EJ is around a lot and we know if he gets [sick] at school he passes it on, so its better for him to stay home and not give that risk. In some cases, parents (especially mothers) even left their jobs to keep their high-risk children at home. Assessment Assessment and Public Policies in Education. TOLDSON: Yes. It asks more than 100 questions covering five key domains of development: physical, social, emotional, language and cognitive, and communication. Schools were kept open to children of key workers and vulnerable children on a voluntary basis. In a questionnaire survey in Texas, it was found that more than half of parents supported their childrens return to school to receive traditional face-to-face education. and transmitted securely. And regardless of what they choose, one thing will be true for pretty much everyone: These will be hard decisions, and this will be a tough year ahead. In addition, the process of studying at home, the lack of school environment support (such as a collective atmosphere, learning supports, school supervision), parentchild conflict in the family environment, and inadequate supervision by parents were also regarded as important factors affecting parents judgment. Well, we parents all know the truth: as soon as the school bus pulls away, we ditch the business suits for bathing suits and head for the water park, careful to return home in time to change clothes before the kids return. In the end, she cut back her work hours so that she could have more time and energy for her children, but she did keep them in school. What factors should be paid attention to when planning to resume classes? racial differences in families trust in the public school system, white parents lack of concern about the risks of the pandemic, politicized misinformation about the coronavirus, the privilege of living in communities less affected by COVID-19, were more likely to be unemployed than white parents, because of health inequalities derived from centuries of systemic racism and economic marginalization, remain ineligible to receive the COVID-19 vaccines, that 3,000 children in the state tested positive for COVID-19. Students can also take a free test of the The Last Lesson MCQ Question Answers Quiz. One high-school-educated Black mother described guilt around her decision to send her two elementary-age children back to in-person school. #2020A1414050056). Here are 5 common reasons why parents choose a Catholic school education for their children. Juggling the shifting uncertainties and weighing the risks is no mean feat for stressed-out parents, some of whom are reluctant to let go of in-person learning and return to Zoom school. When asked whether he was concerned about his children getting COVID-19, he noted that he strongly agreed. Despite those concerns, he still chose in-person instruction for his first grader. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, These factors are also believed to be the major reasons affecting students learning and growth during the epidemic. The open coding, axial coding, and selective coding were adopted in turn. Through weight analysis of each factor and KruskalWallis H test analysis, it can be seen that intuitive expectation, health issue, learning effectiveness, school environment, and family environment were the driving forces of parents willingness, whereas perceived epidemic safety and social environment were the restraining forces. I think we need to look a lot deeper at the issue and at those numbers because when we think about the students who weren't being served as well in school to begin with, they were largely Black and brown students. Chick RC, Clifton GT, Peace KM, Propper BW, Hale DF, Alseidi AA, Vreeland TJ. Prospects Quarterly Review of Comparative Education. Meanwhile, the Delta variant is ravaging unvaccinated groups and infecting (albeit with a lower risk of severe symptoms) many fully vaccinated people too. Kim also claimed that children generally spent less time on physical activities and gained weight during school closure (Kim et al., 2021). COVID-19, Willingness to resume classes, Field Theory, Online education, Learning effectiveness. Iyengar R. Education as the path to a sustainable recovery from COVID-19. Brager and Holloway (1993) pointed out that, when analyzing the psychological field, we can find that there are two different forces that psychologically influence behavior: one is driving force, which is composed of variables that change behavior and support the change of plan, and the other is restraining force, which is composed of variables that resist the change of action. I don't think we are. Helping children understand why they are in school is crucial. Based on literature review, some eight factors have been identified, but this research only deals with four. Last fall, reports from New York City and other large public school districts highlighted a worrisome patternparents of white children were tending to send their kids back to . China was one of the first countries to take action by launching the plan of Disrupted classes, undisrupted learning (Huang et al., 2020) to provide more than 270 million students with flexible online learning at home (Zhong & Zhan, 2020). In the axial coding procedure, these two researchers negotiated the coding based on Field Theory, and finally classified these seven categories into two main categories: personal factors and environmental factors. According to these, a field model could be set up to interpret how the factors affect parents willingness, as shown in Fig. Methods 1373 parents or . Through the analysis of driving force and restraining force, we can realize the systematic analysis, prediction, and adjustment of behavior change. In fact, some parents chose remote instruction even when they remained employed full-time. Those job losses built on top of pre-pandemic inequalities in parents employment (even in normal times, Black and Hispanic parents were more likely to be unemployed than white parents, and Hispanic and Asian American mothers were more likely than white mothers to be home with their children full-time), and they left wide variations in families availability to support their childrens learning at home. MARTIN: That was Ivory Toldson. However, their overall willingness was still positive, which showed that the public has sufficient confidence in the epidemic prevention and control. This is a mixed-method research study adopting both qualitative and quantitative analysis. That's compared to 94% of white and 88% of Asian parents. A series of factors that influence parents willingness were summarized in this study, including personal factors (i.e., intuitive expectation, health issue, learning effectiveness, perceived epidemic safety) and environmental factors (i.e., school environment, family environment, social environment). Randi Weingarten: Schools must open this fall. Limbers CA. During the epidemic, the effect of students home-based learning is largely determined by the quality of online supports. Data analysis was performed by YL, XY, and QC. Therefore, the issue of students resuming classes is particularly important. Home White, Affluent Parents Like the Idea of Integrated Schools - But Not for Their Kids White, affluent parents support classroom integration. The three dimensions of learning and competence development proposed by Illeris (2007) pointed out that learning is determined by the content knowledge, learning motivation, interaction in process, and the social environment that affects learning (Liang et al., 2020). Five days a week. 1 and Table Table4,4, the effect of social environment was opposite to that of school environment and family environment. The former one was the restraining force hindering resuming classes, while the latter two were driving forces enhancing parents willingness to send their children back to school. And so when we think about the difference in the experience they had during virtual learning, there are some ways in which their learning was accommodated better. Based on Grounded Theory and Field Theory, the key concerns from parents were categorized into personal factors and environmental factors, then further discussion was provided from the perspectives of school, family, and society. Xiao L, Song NQ. Especially in the areas with insufficient government control, the society plays an important role in protecting the childrens/youths mental health status (Kim, 2020). This paper explores the factors that parents were most concerned about when sending their children back to school after the COVID-19 outbreak, which provided common experience and lessons learned in the emergency context, and set up a potential direction for future reference. The coding consistency of the two researchers was calculated using kappa calculation, kappa=0.89; as it was greater than 0.8, it indicates that the coding had high consistency. Burnes B, Cooke B. Kurt Lewins field theory: A review and re-evaluation. The understanding and explanation of things are all for the purpose of finally taking effective action (Argyris, 1997). As can be seen in Fig. For example, when students study at home during the epidemic, the responsibility of the family is highlighted, while the function of schools is shut down, which results in students having learning difficulties. In person. Online learning makes school education sustainable during COVID-19 outbreak. With respect to driving forces, the personal factors (i.e., intuitive expectation, health issue, learning effectiveness) and the environmental factors (i.e., school environment, family environment) contributed to parents positive attitudes toward resuming classes. This study was financially supported by the Major basic research and applied research projects of Guangdong Education Department (Grant No. National Library of Medicine In comparison, perceived epidemic safety was a restraining force. More Academic Opportunities The reality is, there are much more academic opportunities in private schools than you would normally get in public schools. In all three cases, the vast majority of parents chose to enroll their children in the alternative schools for reasons that generally matched the educational philosophies and practices espoused by the schools. In order to make students study at home more effectively, the digital divide should be taken into account. Therefore, during the epidemic, we should pay attention to creating a good learning atmosphere and proper environment for children, and ensure their regular work and rest. According to the Field Theory (Lewin, 1939), interaction between personal and environmental factors jointly influence individuals behavior (Burnes & Cooke, 2013). Family involvement and parentteacher relationships for students with autism spectrum disorders. ), but it also affects children's learning effectiveness (learning is not focused and systematic, etc.). The reasons for choosing a private school are just as varied as the types of private schools available. As a psychological analysis method, Field Theory emphasizes the construction of life space models. In selective coding, based on Field Theory, the key factors affecting parents willingness for their children to go back to school were extracted. Early psychological studies have shown that long-term isolation can harm the growth of children (Capurso et al., 2020), including triggering anxiety, fear, and other behavioral problems (Jiao et al., 2020; Zhan et al., 2021a). Posted in Rose News. The innovative teaching supports (e.g., web-on-demand teaching, TV and video-based teaching, and project-based family experiment exploration activities) are highly recommended (Chick et al., 2020) to enhance teacher-student interaction and to create an engaging online learning atmosphere (Iyengar, 2020). Each question has four options followed by the correct answer. What's the goal of this group that you're standing up? More emphasis is placed on the internal motivation of individuals, while the external environment has a weak impact, which to some extent confirms the Self-determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000). We conducted a questionnaire survey on over a thousand Chinese parents and comprehensively analyzed the reasons behind the change in parents willingness according to Grounded Theory and Field Theory. Closing the city without closing classes: Wuhan curriculum under the epidemic situation. MOST important MCQs In PMA Asked In 2019 1)2+2/2=3 2)90% of 90=81 3)why we boil milk(to kill germs) 4)why people send their children to school (i think to matureness ..not mention to get knowledge). Besides, students might more easily be exposed to some harmful information (e.g., pornography, violence, rumors, fake news), and it might also lead to game addiction, and cause other types of psychological harm and misconceptions (Zhan, 2021a). When we look at things like suspensions, when we look at the distance from the neighborhoods to the school that you're going to, when you're looking at the jobs, the typical jobs that parents had that made it more difficult for them to participate in different things, these students were disproportionately Black. It's not surprising. There are some lessons that we could learn from this experience. Some schools in China took the epidemic as an opportunity to set up relevant life courses and science courses, guiding students to improve their self-protection ability, cherish life, and revere nature (Liu & Wu, 2020). The behavior system of people and groups is generally in a relatively stable state called the quasi-stationary equilibrium state, which is affected by the driving forces and restraining forces, and reaches an in-between balance. So, of course, he can see that shes frustrated so he had a meltdown, and then she threatens to call his parents, which made his meltdown even worse.. There are some schools that get it right. And the NAACP, as I think many people know, is one of the premier civil rights organizations in the country, more than a century old. Why do parents send their kids to private school? Is it more to do with the safety, income? Similarly, schools in the United Kingdom also distributed learning resources through the internet to allow students to continue their courses at home (Kidd & Murray, 2020). With respect to environmental factors, H=147.63, p=0.000, the difference between different environmental factors was statistically significant. Parents knowingly sent their child to school after they tested positive for Covid-19. But back then, with limited data, pinning this down with any certainty was impossible. Parents responses to open-ended survey questionsfor example, we asked them to describe how they chose what type of schooling their children would receivefurther highlighted the importance of employment in parents decisions about pandemic-era schooling. The .gov means its official. Parents believed that studying at home is not conducive to children's physical and mental health (such as affecting eyesight, irregular schedule, lack of physical exercise, etc. Copyright 2021 NPR. Children's development is scored between 0 and 10. On the one hand, we deeply reflected on the problems of home-based learning during the epidemic period, especially the advantages and disadvantages of large-scale online teaching. Parents believe that their child's teachers should serve as moral role models. The added value of our work could be elaborated in two aspects: On the one hand, students home-based learning effect and influence factors during the epidemic were summarized, and guidance was provided from the perspective of school, family, and society. The findings suggest that the joint efforts of society, schools, and families are needed on the issue of students returning to school after the COVID-19 outbreak. has remained stable at approximately nine percent of school-aged children. On the other hand, the COVID-19 epidemic is a typical example of educational emergency issues. If the driving forces are greater than the restraining forces, it may be a more appropriate choice to let students return to school to resume classes. In our national survey data, my co-authors and I found that when full-time employed parents decided to keep kids home, in many cases it was because children or other family members were at high risk of complications or death from COVID-19risks that, because of health inequalities derived from centuries of systemic racism and economic marginalization, are higher among families of color and low-income families. Oliver Beall walks with his mother, Christina Beall, outside Round Hill . This is not to say that availability was the only factor families considered when making decisions about in-person learning. Parental mental health and childrens behaviors and media usage during COVID-19-related school closures. Table Table22 presents the degree of willingness reported by parents using the Likert scale. Zhan Z, Mei H, Liang T, Huo L, Bonk C, Hu Q. (2) Home-based learning lacks a collaborative learning atmosphere with peers, the online teacher-student interaction is quite weak, parents burden is too heavy, and they do not have sufficient ability to teach their own children, leading to distraction and difficulty in elaborating knowledge. It's not enough to simply put them into the state's hands and let them drift through public school. TOLDSON: Yeah. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. In the post-epidemic era, as the epidemic situation gradually stabilizes, the problem of resuming classes would follow (Betz, 2020).Early psychological studies have shown that long-term isolation can harm the growth of children (Capurso et al., 2020), including triggering anxiety, fear, and other behavioral . Then a Virginia couple defied their families and enrolled their kids. Technical means such as online live classrooms and virtual laboratories are encouraged to be used actively for online supervision, evaluation, and interaction (Oliveira et al., 2020). Among these, the factors that make parents willing to let their children go back to school account for the vast majority, and the factors that make parents unwilling to let their children go back to school account for less than half. After three levels of coding based on Grounded Theory and Field Theory, parents key concerns were categorized as four personal factors (i.e., intuitive expectation, health issue, learning effectiveness, perceived epidemic safety) and three environmental factors (i.e., school environment, family environment, social environment). By factor weight analysis using the KruskalWallis H test, a field model of factors that affect parents willingness was set up. The Guidelines pointed out that families and schools should cooperatively teach children and adolescents about imparting knowledge and skills of epidemic prevention, cultivating students health habits and self-protection awareness. According to the Self-Determination Theory, only intrinsic motivation can have a positive influence on individuals (Deci & Ryan, 2000; Zhan et al., 2021b). School of Information Technology in Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China. easier for parents to send their child to the school of their choice. But choosing a school for their own. With respect to restraining forces, the personal factor of perceived epidemic safety and the environmental factor of social environment hindered parents decisions to resume classes. Parents who send their children to private Christian schools in Tampa, FL typically do so because they want their child to build a foundation for their faith during their school years. MARTIN: First, let me just get your reaction to the Rand study. These MCQ Questions have been selected based on the latest exam pattern as announced by CBSE. As we transition into the data-driven, digital era -- the opportunity to optimize each student's experience is unparalleled. Professor Toldson, welcome. MARTIN: Before we let you go, is there a particular issue that you think that parents should be attentive to as their children return to school this fall if they are concerned about the school environment in - perhaps in a manner that they are not able to fully articulate? 01/05/2023 | No Comments As a public school teacher, I often get asked by parents why they should send their children to private school. But studies taken over the summer show that some parents are questioning whether to return at all. Life space is used to express the psychological power generated by the interaction between individuals and the environment, so as to explore the factors that affect peoples behaviors (Back, 1992; Burnes, 2007). By Baruch Epstein Why do we send our kids to school? The class resumption issue investigated in this study is actually a typical example of the joint effect of school,family, and society. He is a professor at Howard University, a former White House adviser on HBCUs. He's now the new director of education, innovation and research at the NAACP. Students development highly depends on the social atmosphere, a regular schedule, and environmental support from schools, which can hardly be achieved by home-based online learning. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. It can be seen that online education cannot replace the social functions and provision of activity venues that school education can provide. And that. President Donald Trump has called on public schools to fully reopen in person, and if they don't, he said school funding "should follow students so parents can send their child to the private . Basically, they had a very good grasp of school differences and were choosing schools for all the right . And it's not just about the Black versus the white students or Black and Hispanic versus white students, but it's students with disabilities, students who need special support at school, students who were most often being suspended. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. The darker the color of the circle, the greater the absolute value representing the weight. In addition, schools should pay attention to various needs (e.g., online learning needs, psychological counseling needs, the desire for peer communication, etc. Again, to distinguish themselves from public schools, private schools will always go way beyond to offer better quality food to their students. Second, family members would know more about other parents concerns and could then adjust their judgment of the big picture and prepare for it. High school students are more likely to be in schools that don't have a full slate of math and science classes that they need for college. Im having trouble with this. Sending her children back to in-person school alleviated some of that stress, but it also led to guilt, particularly after her first grader began having meltdowns at school. Accuracy and availability may vary. Social networks also influenced parental decisions, including recommendations from friends and neighbours in addition to bonds formed with other parents in . Kim SJ, Lee S, Han H, Jung J, Yang SJ, Shin YM. Pay attention to the experiences that your child has when they walk through the building. So I'll be the director of education, innovation and research, and our goal is to make sure that every student has accessible, quality education, regardless of their background. Would love your thoughts, please comment. . Parents concerns about their children's health and safety are the most important factor when considering their children's return to school (Limbers, 2021). He also reported that he strongly disagreed that in-person schooling was a safe option for children in his community. As for personal factors, students need to raise awareness of the self-protection issues, and actively understand relevant means of epidemic prevention and control. Fu WD. Arnove RF. A July survey taken by the Rand Corporation, a nonprofit research organization, for example, showed that Black and Hispanic parents - those were the terms the researchers used - were more hesitant about sending their kids to in-person schooling than white and Asian parents. This is highly consistent with Qazi et al.s (2020) study that reported the same willingness of parents. Factors associated with caregiver preferences for childrens return to school during the COVID-19 pandemic. A previous study on students willingness to return to school showed that 31% of parents wanted to keep their children at home, while 49% wanted to send their children back to school. British Journal of Educational Technology. By the 1990s, force field analysis, a variant of Field Theory, was widely used as a tool for evaluating organizational change (Burnes & Cooke, 2012). Dong C, Cao S, Liu H. Young childrens online learning during covid-19 pandemic: Chinese parents beliefs and attitudes. Yan LX, Whitelock-Wainwright A, Guan QL, Wen GX, Gaevi D, Chen GL. Accessibility COVID-19 prevention and control guidelines for kindergartens, primary and secondary schools were officially released. The lessons learned can also benefit other countries which are still suffering from the epidemic and might meet the same situation when students resume classes. However, this decision was strongly opposed by parents and the media, since they felt anxious and worried about the students safety (Khattab et al., 2020). Intuitive expectation, health issue, and learning effectiveness were driving forces, which can enhance parents willingness to send their children back to school. As a major place for education, schools normally take major responsibility for students learning. It has become a common consensus that students should not stop receiving education during the epidemic. Huang R, Tlili A, Chang T-W, Zhang X, Nascimbeni F, Burgos D. Disrupted classes, undisrupted learning during COVID-19 outbreak in China: Application of open educational practices and resources. I mean, do you think that there is something in the school environment itself, apart from the health protocols MARTIN: That is driving this that perhaps is not showing up in these surveys? On the one hand, people believe that online learning has improved teaching efficiency, teachers information literacy, and distance teaching skills (Huang & Tang, 2020), and has improved learners self-regulated learning ability (Fu, 2020). Starting 1 June 2020, children in reception (4-5 years old), year 1 (5-6 years old) and year 6 (10-11 years old) also became eligible to attend school. Collaborating with the community and social environment, parents can also hold face-to-face mutual assistance activities in order to create a learning atmosphere similar to schools. Imagining what education can be post-COVID-19. Due to the epidemic situation in the social environment, some parents expressed their concerns about the ineffective prevention and control of the epidemic situation, and the lack of awareness and ability of students to prevent the spread of the virus. To interact with other people To develop skills they need for the future To get an education (social norm) Babysitting (14th amendment (right to send children to school no matter the race, gender of the child) School teaches somethings that home cannot LAW Non-parent Our reading: <Divisive concepts= - maybe should not be . Khattab N, Abbas A, Abbas A-R, Memon SF. Resuming classes is not only an issue relevant to students learning efficiency and physical and mental health, but also a serious social problem that warrants sufficient attention. Maybe it was racial differences in families trust in the public school systemdifferences rooted in decades of underinvestment in and mistreatment of Black students and other students of color in school. On the other hand, the poor effect of online education has aroused a great deal of criticism (Dong et al., 2020; Qazi et al., 2020). Findings indicate that 4 reasons motivated parents' choice of Montessori education: attraction to Montessori principles, perceived fit with the Montessori philosophy or school, anticipated. This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. The corresponding quantity and weight of each factor are also marked in the figure. Parents, like everyone, are going to need a lot of support and flexibility to get through it, whether they send their children back to school in person or find a way to keep their children learning at home. Innovative application of information-based education in primary and secondary schools in the post-epidemic era: Beginner's mind, philosophy and path. Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. The study was taken in July of 2021. Before Therefore, in order to ensure students learning effectiveness during the educational emergency period, the key point is to overcome the problem brought by the interruption caused by emergencies, and strengthen the links among school, family, and society. and (2) What are the reasons underlying their willingness/unwillingness? He's a professor at Howard University. Zhan and Zhong (2020) put forward the suggestion of flexible resumption of classes, suggesting multiple ways to offer flexible education and allow both home-based learning and face-to-face school-based learning to exist simultaneously. Liang LM, Cai JD, Geng QQ. Or are there other things? For example, Yan et al. Springer Nature - PMC COVID-19 Collection, https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?FileName=ZDJY202012018&DbName=CJFQ2020, https://kns.cnki.net/kns8/AdvSearch?dbprefix=SCDB&&crossDbcodes=CJFQ%2CCDMD%2CCIPD%2CCCND%2CCISD%2CSNAD%2CBDZK%2CCCVD%2CCJFN%2CCCJD, https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?FileName=XIWS202004001&DbName=DKFX202, https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?FileName=JYJA202018016&DbName=CJFN2020, https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6482/1061/tab-e-letters, My kid is eager to return to school and play with his classmates, I myself want to return to a normal life. Most participants in this study claimed that online home-based education is not effective. It is very easy for me to assist him with learning at home. August 24, 2021. A longitudinal study into the effects of material incentives on knowledge-sharing networks and information lifecycles in an online forum. Using electronic products too much also ruins the relationship between kids and adults, The current epidemic situation is still worrying., The epidemic prevention is sufficient, so we have confidence that the epidemic is under control. Some of those children are experiencing only mild symptoms, but others are ending up in crowded ICUs. If students choose to resume class after the outbreak, schools must take responsibility for strengthening the prevention of the epidemic. Tikkanen J. Parental school satisfaction in the context of segregation of basic education in urban Finland. I do hope you'll keep in touch and keep us abreast of your work. Thank you so much for having me. Weightings of factors influencing parents willingness. To reflect on our findings, students effective learning requires not only the self-consciousness and the efforts of the learners themselves, but also the joint efforts of schools, families, and society. Therefore, parents workload also includes setting clear schedules for children, organizing home exercise activities, setting themselves as examples for children, educating children with care and patience, and helping children to monitor and manage themselves effectively. Deci EL, Ryan RM. 1 Answer +1 vote answered Feb 14, 2020 by Riya01 (54.0k points) selected Feb 14, 2020 by Santanu01 Even without having to pay the school fee, sending children to school is a costly affair for parents as they have to spend money on the uniform, books, etc. I mean, what's the plan for it? That included a high-school-educated Latina mother in Texas who left her job as a special-education aide to support her first grader with remote learning. Zhong, B. C., & Zhan, Z. H. (2020). 8600 Rockville Pike The CARA Institute at Georgetown University confirmed that "strong moral values" is the top reason parents choose to send their child to a Catholic school. I need to work rather than be a baby-sitter at home, We need a normal life, Children would feel depressed when cooped up at home every day, Staying at home prevents the children from getting necessary exercise, It is difficult to have a regular daily schedule when staying at home, which is not good for kids development, Poor quality of online courses; The effect of learning at school is better, Childrens attention and self-consciousness are difficult to achieve at home, Children can obtain knowledge systematically at school, while they only learn fragmentally at home, Kids need to wear a mask for the whole day at school, which might make them very uncomfortable, Awareness and ability of epidemic self-protection, Kids are too young to protect themselves, Childrens safety is the most important thing, Kids need group work and face-to-face collaboration at school, Teachers direct guidance and supports are important and indispensable, School offers a range of supervision services, such as school bus and lunch service, I still need to work during the epidemic, so I cannot supervise my kids study at home, Staying at home causes trouble and contradictions. And it's mostly not surprising to me because of some of the people who I've talked to, including school leaders, who have made that observation. Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Using technology to maintain the education of residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, there were two research questions proposed in this study: (1) How willing were the parents to return their children to school? The mean ranks of school environment, family environment, and social environment were 314.60 (n=169), 338.85 (n=50), and 172.65 (n=260), respectively. Based on this, Lewin (1939) set up a function to indicate an individual's life space by a collection of interdependent factors: B=f(PE)=f(LS), where B represents behavior, f represents functional relationship, P represents person, E represents environment, and LS represents life space (Eysenck & Lewin, 1952). Thank you for having me. By Spencer Thompson, Contributor CEO, Sokanu May 28, 2013, 08:50 AM EDT | Updated Jul 28, 2013 This is my first post on reddit and I am curious as to what entices certain parents to send their children to private schools rather than public schools. As the new school year gets underway, you've probably heard a lot of discussion, maybe some of it quite heated, about how to return to in-person school while the COVID pandemic continues. At this time, schools should take advantage of the Internet to offer online courses, online learning communities, and the other channels to actively provide students with learning supports and a learning atmosphere. Many parents felt frustrated when assisting childrens learning at home; therefore, schools should also take action to form a good home-school communication and provide suitable guidance for parents either to assist students studying at home or to get used to the new school life. Oliveira JBAe, Gomes M, Barcellos T. Covid-19 and return to classes: Listening to the evidence. How we learn: Learning and non-learning in school and beyond. Hundreds of parents mentioned their concerns about their childrens lack of ability to prevent the spread of epidemics and their lack of self-consciousness, such as fearing that children will not be obedient to wear their masks properly. China has issued a series of Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of COVID-19 in Kindergartens and Secondary Schools (Peking university children and adolescents Now, with the benefit of more data, the story of race and school reopenings is becoming clear. Here's how one science reporter made the decision. Professor Toldson, thank you so much for joining us. One factor has been overlooked in understanding how people made these decisions, and it explains a lot. Betz CL. The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article. Fourth, this study explored the essential causes and solutions of the education crisis in the context of an education emergency, so as to provide effective guidance and new ideas for dealing with education emergencies in the future. We know that Black students are more likely to be in schools that have fewer resources. TOLDSON: Thank you. Then she gets frustrated. Through descriptive statistics, the weight of parents willingness corresponding to these factors was analyzed. The KruskalWallis H test was used to compare the factor loadings of parents concerns. He explained: We decided to continue with the status quo of in person learning because we couldnt take time off to care for her during the day. Consider also a high-school-educated Black father in Virginia who continued working full-time as a caterer. Secondly, the parents opinions that were reported in the open-ended question were coded based on Grounded Theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1998), and under the guidance of Field Theory. According to Field Theory, the factors that affect parents wishes can be divided into two categories: personal factors and environmental factors, which interacted and composed the impact on parents willingness. International Journal of Management Reviews. On the other side of the coin, parents, schools, and society also need to provide sufficient supports to learners, pay attention to their physical and mental health, to the learning effects, and to other perspectives related to learners development. Consider, for example, a college-educated Filipino father in New York City who maintained full-time employment as a social worker during the pandemic. And that showed a narrowing of a gap since an earlier survey in May but still a substantial one, so I'm wondering what your reaction to that is. 11.27.2013 The Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice recently released a study that seeks to better understand the decision-making processes of parents who send their children to private schools. Cellphone addiction during the Covid-19 outbreak: How online social anxiety and cyber danger belief mediate the influence of personality. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the reasons parents give for choosing a private school education for their children. Garbacz SA, McIntyre LL, Santiago RT. Children under 12 remain ineligible to receive the COVID-19 vaccines. MARTIN: And you think that it's not just the COVID pandemic protocols that is the driver here of that - the reluctance to go back to school. Could you talk a little bit more about that? International Journal of Early Childhood. IVORY TOLDSON: Yeah. The first draft of the manuscript was written by ZZ, YL, and XY and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. The Covid-19 pandemic and its effects on teacher education in England: How teacher educators moved practicum learning online. This has gone on for so long," said Fitzpatrick, as her three children vie for her attention in the background. For example, it would be beneficial to call on the public to wear masks consciously, avoid public gatherings, wash hands frequently, and so forth. Why Do We Send Our Children to School? Liu, J. J., & Wu, G. (2020). Online teaching in primary and secondary schools under the epidemic situation: reality, improvement strategies and future reconstructionAnalysis based on learning perspective. According to Gestalt psychology, individuals behavior is the final comprehensive product of their current environment and how individuals view it (Marrow, 1969). Why? School choice allows students to enroll in another public school or district outside their traditional public school attendance area without justification or special approval. Parents worry that studying at home for a long time is not conducive to the children's regular work and rest, and cannot guarantee their physical exercise. If one of these three was weakened because of the emergency, the advantages of the other one should be reinforced and it should take responsibility for the missing party, so as to make up for the deficiency. Last but not least, our findings can be generalized to other educational emergencies and have meaningful value in the fast-changing world with unexpected issues. Only 15% of parents were unwilling or strongly unwilling to return their children to school. In this situation, parents supervision and supports, and the relationship between parents and children are important (Xiao & Song, 2020). All rights reserved. This will provide a powerful reference for countries where the epidemic situation is still severe and will help them to consider resuming classes in advance (Dong et al., 2020). I think we look at the surface too much. Always a pleasure. It is also necessary to carry out teacher training in order to improve teachers online teaching skills. Our guest is Ivory Toldson. This study shows that Field Theory can be used as an important basis to judge whether students should go back to school and resume classes during the epidemic, and that the threshold when the driving forces and restraining forces are equal can be taken as a critical point. They were taught that public schools are evil. These inequalities in parents pandemic employment explained a significant portion of the racial and socioeconomic variations in families decisions about whether to return to in-person school. Only by meeting their needs for autonomy (i.e., the psychological desire to take the initiative to be responsible for ones own decisions, choices and actions), competence (i.e., the belief that one's learning behavior or action can reach a certain level) and relatedness (i.e., the expectation of the inner desire to connect with others) can students achieve the best behavioral function and growth. ), and provide sufficient supports accordingly. A back-to-school resource fair the day before schools . For schools in the districts where the epidemic is still severe, the findings of this study may provide necessary information, and help them consider the issue of resuming classes in advance (Dong et al., 2020). The personal factors accounted for an average weight of 1.26, and the environmental factors accounted for an average weight of 0.77. For example, teachers and students are organized to go to school and have lunch according to different schedules to reduce public gatherings, school equipment should be cleaned and disinfected frequently, and body temperature detection and identity verification should be routinely performed. By contrast, among families in which either parent lost a job and did not return to full-time paid work, only 35 percent opted for in-person instruction when they had that choice. The questionnaire was distributed on April 28, 2020 and returned on April 29, 2020. They are subject to more punitive discipline. Model diagram of factors affecting parents willingness. However, the school closure during the COVID-19 outbreak blocked the direct link between schools and students, which led to schools losing part of their functions. And because of racial inequality in Americaand, specifically, because of racial inequalities in the layoffs that came early in the pandemicwhether such an adult was home varied greatly by race. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted health research institute, 2020). Frequencies of factors reported by parents with different degrees of willingness, As can be seen from Table Table3,3, with regard to factor appearance frequencies, 59.61% factors were related to personal issues, while 40.39% were related to environmental issues. It believes that due to the continuous interaction of various elements in the field, the behavior system of people and groups is always fluctuating, while maintaining a relatively stable state, the "quasi-stationary equilibrium" state (Lewin, 1939). That included a GED-educated white mother in West Virginia who lost her job in retail sales during the pandemic and who decided to enroll her 16-year-old daughter in remote instruction, despite having the option of in-person instruction five days a week in school. Introduction School choice, or allowing parents to choose a school for their child, has been an increasingly popular education reform since the 1980s. Public efforts would help to control the epidemic and build up social confidence. They have somebody at the door smiling at them. After the COVID-19 outbreak, the family became the main place for students to learn during school closure. The what and why of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Pairwise comparison of rank sum in factors. Of course, we were also curious about how parents think about the effects of their children studying at home during the epidemic, to bring further enlightenment to the investigation. d'Orville H. COVID-19 causes unprecedented educational disruption: Is there a road towards a new normal? Don't they have the right to know? High school is the established gateway to higher education. MARTIN: So I want to hear more about your new role at the NAACP. 1. Read: Americas terrible internet is making quarantine worse, One college-educated Black/Latina mother in Illinois, for example, formed a pandemic pod and hired a private tutor to help her third grader with remote learning, so that she could continue working full-time as a store manager during the pandemic. Hageman JR. Can students safely return to school in the age of COVID-19? Among families in which no parent lost a job and all parents remained employed full-time, 64 percent chose the in-person instruction option when it was available to them. 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