The French and Americans decided to make an attempt on the British garrison at Newport, Rhode Island; this first attempt at coordination was a notable failure. Where: Concord School House and Upper Burying Ground, 6309 Germantown Avenue. Clinton considered making new attacks on Philadelphia, but these ideas never came to fruition. Fact #5: Washington attempted to retake Philadelphia at the Battle of Germantown in October 1777. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. This comprehensive, deeply insightful museum brought the revolution to me in such a captivating way that I was so uplifted by the end of the visit. Many who gave their lives in the pursuit of liberty went nameless when they were laid to rest at this Germantown site. Both the Barns-Brinton House and John Chads springhouse suffered damage during the Battle of Brandywine in 1777. Washington prepared defenses against Howe's movements at Brandywine Creek, but was flanked and beaten back atBrandywine. Plan Your Visit. In August 1777,General Washington sought refuge in this elegant home as he made his way to the Battle of Brandywine. Museum of the American Revolution, 101 S. 3rd Street, Declaration (Graff) House, 2 S. 7th Street, Harriton House, 500 Harriton Road, Bryn Mawr, Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, 2 Mark Bird Lane, Elverson, New Hall Military Museum, 320 Chestnut Street, Congregation Mikveh Israel, 44 N. 4th Street, Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial, 301 Pine Street, Washington Crossing Historic Park, 1112 River Road, Washington Crossing, Brandywine Battlefield Park, 878 Baltimore Pike, Chadds Ford, Chadds Ford Historical Society, 1736 North Creek Road, Chadds Ford, Historic Waynesborough, 2049 Waynesborough Road, Paoli, Paoli Battlefield Historical Park, Monument Avenue & Wayne Avenue, Malvern, Peter Wentz Farmstead, 2030 Shearer Road, Lansdale, Hope Lodge & Mather Mill, 553 S. Bethlehem Pike, Fort Washington, Germantown White House (Deshler-Morris House), Germantown White House (Deshler-Morris House), 5442 Germantown Avenue, Thompson Neely House, 1638 River Road, Washington Crossing, Valley Forge National Historical Park, 1400 N. Outer Line Drive, King of Prussia, Christ Church Burial Ground, 340 N. 5th Street, Concord School House and Upper Burying Ground, Concord School House and Upper Burying Ground, 6309 Germantown Avenue, National Constitution Center, 525 Arch Street, The David Library of the American Revolution, David Library of the American Revolution, 1201 River Road, Washington Crossing, this vast array of primary source materials and research resources, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1300 Locust Street, Polish American Cultural Center, 308 Walnut Street, Chester County Historical Society, 225 North High Street, West Chester. Where: National Constitution Center, 525 Arch Street. The Museum of the American Revolution is conveniently located in Philadelphia's Old City District neighborhood and just steps away from historic Philadelphia attractions like Independence Hall, the Liberty Bell, and Independence National Historical Park as well as Penn's Landing and the Delaware River waterfront. Washington Standard & True Colours Projects, Digital Discovery Carts, Case Studies & More, Teaching Slavery in the Age of Revolutions, Revolution Society & George Washington Council, Lenfest Spirit of the American Revolution Award. As long as the Continental Army existed and could fight, the war would continue. Philadelphia: Capitol of the United States During the American Revolutionary War March 4, 2020 Not many people realize that Philadelphia was the capitol of the United States until Washington, D.C. was established in December, 1800. [11] However, by mid-May Howe had apparently abandoned the idea of an overland expedition: "I propose to invade Pennsylvania by sea we must probably abandon the Jersies."[12]. Established. Meanwhile, there was a shakeup in the British command. The Continental Congress had met there since 1774. In part as a retaliatory measure against the ongoing skirmishes, General Charles Cornwallis executed a raid against that position in April 1777, in which he very nearly captured the outpost's commander, Benjamin Lincoln. During the American Revolution, the British successfully overtook the American capital city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In the Conway Cabal, some politicians and officers were unhappy with Washington's performance in the campaign and began secretively discussing Washington's removal. Stop the Largest Rezoning in Orange County History, The Effects of Weather on 18th Century Warfare, The Heart of a Revolution: Philadelphia during the War for Independence. At the time of the American Revolution in the 1770s, the "City of Brotherly Love" was the largest in Colonial America, and was . On October 2 the British captured Fort Billingsport, on the Delaware in New Jersey, to clear a line of chevaux de frise obstacles in the river. The Pennsylvania Militia, 1777-1783 The Pennsylvania Militia was organized under an act of March 7, 1777, which provided for compulsory enrollment by the constables of all able-bodied male whites between the ages of eighteen and fifty-three. The Philadelphia campaign was a British initiative to gain control of Philadelphia, which was then the seat of the Second Continental Congress. Virtual Marching Tour of the American Revolutionary War The Philadelphia Campaign: 1777. Where: The Betsy Ross House, 239 Arch Street. Visitors explore the encampment through tours, exhibits, live demonstrations, childrens activities and more. TheVisit Philly Overnight Package booked more than 190,000 times since 2001 comes with free hotel parking (worth up to $100 in Center City Philadelphia), overnight hotel accommodations and choose-your-own-adventure perks. Washington and his army encamped at Valley Forge in December 1777, about 20 miles from Philadelphia, where they stayed for the next six months. [10] This plan was developed to the extent that in April Howe's army was seen constructing pontoon bridges; Washington, lodged in his winter quarters at Morristown, New Jersey, thought they were for eventual use on the Delaware River. Following Howe's capture of New York City and Washington's success in the Battles of Trenton and Princeton, the two armies settled into an uneasy stalemate in the winter months of early 1777. Founded in 1682 by William Penn as part of the Quaker colony of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia has long played a critical role in American life and culture. The Museum of the American Revolution tells the whole story of the world-changing American War of Independence. On September 26, Howe finally outmaneuvered Washington and marched into Philadelphia unopposed. Modern-day visitors will find dozens of examples of colonial-era weaponry, scale models and other artifacts. The idea of placing those obstacles is attributed to Benjamin Franklin, and they were designed by Robert Smith. Uncertain of Howe's goal, which could be Charleston, South Carolina, he considered moving north to assist in the defense of the Hudson, when he learned that the fleet had entered Chesapeake Bay. It is no surprise then that when war finally began, Continental officials worried that the British would immediately target the city while General George Washington was still consolidating his army. Visitors to the restored site can take on-the-hour tours to view livestock, kitchens, German furnishings and 1777-inspired recreations of farmstead life. In early December, Washington successfully repelled a series of probes by Howe in the Battle of White Marsh. In response to this raid, Washington moved his army forward to a strongly fortified position at Middlebrook in the Watchung Mountains that commanded likely British land routes toward Philadelphia. After further skirmishes and maneuvers, Howe was able to enter and occupy Philadelphia. Washington's second-in-command, General Charles Lee, who led the advance force of the army, ordered a controversial retreat early in the battle, allowing Clinton's army to regroup. Photo by J. Fusco for Visit Philadelphia Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Betsy herself is on site daily, plying her trade as she welcomes visitors with stories of colonial-era life. British and French forces engaged each other in the West Indies and in India beginning in 1778, and the 1779 entry of Spain into the war widened the global aspects of the war even further. In 1777, Howe proposed to George Germain, the British civilian official responsible for war's conduct, that British expedition be launched with the goal of capturing Philadelphia, the seat of the rebellious Second Continental Congress. Shot by a sniper, Agnew bled to death, More than two centuries later, the bloodstains are still visible on the floor. The Germantown White House was once home to one of the fiercest foes in Americas history. The circa 1771 intact iron-making village includes a furnace complex, ironmasters mansion, village store, blacksmith shop, and the homes of some of the ironworkers. Germain acknowledged that this plan was particularly "well digested", but it called for more men than Germain was prepared to provide. About The Museum of the American Revolution explores the dramatic, surprising story of the American Revolution through its unmatched collection of Revolutionary-era weapons, personal items, documents, and works of art. Dating to 1719, this plot is the final resting place for many who toiled for American independence. Primary source materials include diaries, maps, muster rolls, letters, recipes and other information from the era. Browse all upcoming events and programs for all ages, including tours, lectures, demonstrations, performances, and holiday weekends, hosted by the Museum. While marching overland from Philadelphia to New York City, Washingtons army attacked the British in New Jersey and fought them to a draw at the Battle of Monmouth on June 28, 1778. Explore the Museum's online exhibits, including When Women Lost the Vote: A Revolutionary Story as well as Cost of Revolution: The Life and Death of an Irish Soldier and Among His Troops: Washington's War Tent in a Newly Discovered Watercolor. After long days of debating the future of the colonies, Washington, Jefferson, Franklin and others gathered here for an early version of happy hour. Howe decided by early April against taking his army overland to Philadelphia through New Jersey, as this would entail a difficult crossing of the broad Delaware River under hostile conditions, and it would likely require the transportation or construction of the necessary watercraft. Where: Washington Crossing Historic Park, 1112 River Road, Washington Crossing. This effort would ultimately fail at Yorktown. [5] Howe's plan, sent to Germain on April 2, isolated Burgoyne from any possibility of significant support, since Howe instead would take the British Army to Philadelphia by sea, and the New York garrison would be too small for any significant offensive operations up the Hudson River to assist Burgoyne. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. Arnold eventually married Peggy, and it was through her and her father that he began his treasonous correspondence with the British. Join us online July 24-26! The original desk where Thomson signed the copy of the Declaration of Independence that was sent to King George is discreetly placed in Harritons great hall. The occupation of Philadelphia appears to have been difficult for those residents that remained. An expansive collection of art and artifacts from the nation's Revolutionary Period. Today, Cliveden commemorates the Battle of Germantown on the first Saturday of every October; the Revolutionary Germantown Festival features two reenactments and other activities. The corner cemetery is open for self-guided and guided tours for a small fee; visitors on the sidewalk often toss pennies onto the Franklins grave. Howe resigned during the occupation of Philadelphia and was replaced by his second-in-command, General Sir Henry Clinton. The Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia on May 10, . During the Battle of Germantown, this Quaker estate was used as a field hospital, the 18th-century version of a MASH unit. "[14] Howe himself wrote to Burgoyne on July 17: "My intention is for Pennsylvania, where I expect to meet Washington, but if he goes to the northward contrary to my expectations, and you can keep him at bay, be assured I shall soon be after him to relieve you. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. After defeating George Washington in the Battle of Germantown, British General William Howe took over the summer retreat, which was empty for the winter. Fries, born in Hatfield, was a resident of Traumbauersville, a tiny hamlet four miles from Quakertown. The city of Philadelphia was, in addition to being the largest city North America at the time, the spiritual heart of Revolutionary America. After several hours of intense fighting, the defeated patriot forces retreated to Montgomery County. Fact #2: The British chose a roundabout way to attack the capital in the summer of 1777. Indian Affairs: Newsletter of the American Indian Fund and the Association on American Indian Affairs, Inc., Supplement to No. Where: Peter Wentz Farmstead, 2030 Shearer Road, Lansdale. There are few, if any, historic sites in Philadelphia that have as long and as storied a history as Fort Mifflin. George Washington Nathanael Greene Benjamin Lincoln Lord Stirling John Sullivan Anthony Wayne Marquis de Lafayette Henry Knox, Sir William Howe Sir Henry Clinton Lord Cornwallis Charles Grey. Perched amid 16 acres of parkland, Harriton House quietly holds an important place in Americas history. Washington did not know where Howe was going. Massachusetts|Apr 19,1775-Mar 17, 1776, Sullivan's Island, South Carolina|Jun 28-29, 1776, Oconee County, South Carolina|Aug 12, 1776, Burlington County, NJ|Dec 21-23, 1776, Philadelphia,PA|Sep 26-Nov 16, 1777, Charleston County, South Carolina|Jun 20, 1779, Beckhamville, South Carolina|Jun 6, 1780, Fairfield County, South Carolina|Jul 30, 1780, Laurens County, South Carolina|Dec 30, 1780, Escambia County, FL|Mar 9-May 10, 1781, Abbeville County, South Carolina|Mar 21, 1781, Summerton, South Carolina|Apr 15-23, 1781, Moncks Corner, South Carolina|Nov 17, 1781, Beaufort/Colleton Counties, SC|Aug 27, 1782, Pensacola, Florida|Jan 8,1861-May 10, 1862, Charleston Harbor, SC|Apr 12-14, 1861, Fairfax County and Prince William County, VA|Jul 21, 1861, Greene and Christian County, MO|Aug 10, 1861, Pulaski County and Wayne County, KY|Jan 19, 1862, Newport News, Norfok, and Portsmouth, VA|Mar 8-9, 1862, Santa Fe County and San Miguel County, NM|Mar 26-28, 1862, York County and Newport News, VA|Apr 5-May 4, 1862, Alcorn County, MS|Apr 29-May 30, 1862, York County and Williamsburg, VA|May 5, 1862, Henrico County, VA|May 31-Jun 1, 1862, Prince William and Fairfax Counties, VA|Aug 28-30, 1862, Prince William County, VA|Aug 28, 1862, Jefferson County, WV|Sep 12-15, 1862, Frederick County and Washington County, MD|Sep 14, 1862, Washington County, MD|Sep 16-18, 1862, Town of Shepherdstown, WV|Sep 19-20, 1862, Yellow Medicine County, MN|Sep 23, 1862, Hardeman County and McNairy County, TN|Oct 5, 1862, Stafford and Spotsylvania, VA|Dec 11-15, 1862, Rutherford County, TN|Dec 31,1862-Jan 2, 1863, Spotsylvania County, VA|Apr 30-May 6, 1863, Hinds County and Warren County, MS|May 17, 1863, Warren County, MS|May 18-Jul 4, 1863, East Baton Rouge Parish and East Feliciana Parish, LA|May 21-Jul 9, 1863, Frederick County, VA|Jun 13-15, 1863, Washington County, MD|Jul 13-16, 1863, Muskogee County and McIntosh County, OK|Jul 17, 1863, Morris Island, SC|Jul 18-Sep 7, 1863, Bell County, KY; Claiborne County, TN; Lee County, VA|Sep 7-9, 1863, Catoosa County and Walker County, GA|Sep 18-20, 1863, Prince William County, VA|Oct 14, 1863, Hamilton County, Tennessee |Oct 28-29, 1863, Hamilton County and City of Chattanooga, TN|Nov 23-25, 1863, Orange County, VA|Nov 27-Dec 2, 1863, Spotsylvania and Orange Counties, VA|May 5-7, 1864, Whitfield County, GA|May 7-13, 1864, Spotsylvania County, VA|May 8-21, 1864, Gordon County and Whitfield County, GA|May 13-15, 1864, Caroline County and Hanover County, VA|May 23-26, 1864, Paulding County, GA|May 25-26, 1864, Hanover County, VA|May 31-Jun 12, 1864, Prentiss, Union and Lee Counties, MS|Jun 10, 1864, City of Petersburg, VA|Jun 15-18, 1864, Campbell County, VA|Jun 17-18, 1864, Lee County, Mississippi|Jul 14-15, 1864, Mobile and Baldwin County, AL|Aug 2-23, 1864, Clayton County, GA|Aug 31-Sep 1, 1864, Shenandoah County, VA|Sep 21-22, 1864, Limestone County , AL|Sep 23-Oct 2, 1864, Dinwiddie County, VA|Sep 30-Oct 2, 1864, Frederick County, Shenandoah County and Warren County, VA|Oct 19, 1864, Jones County, Twiggs County, GA|Nov 22, 1864, Davidson County, TN|Dec 15-16, 1864, New Hanover County, NC|Jan 13-15, 1865, Harnett County and Cumberland County, NC|Mar 16, 1865, Johnston County, NC|Mar 19-21, 1865, Cumberland County, VA|Apr 6-7, 1865, Amelia County, Prince Edward County, and Nottoway County, VA|Apr 6, 1865. Other features to enjoy: monuments, cannons, historical obstacles and, on the last Monday in May, the countrys oldest continuously held Memorial Day parade. In part as a retaliatory measure against the ongoing skirmishes, General Charles Cornwallis executed a raid against that position in April 1777, in which he very nearly captured the outpost's commander, Brigadier General Benjamin Lincoln. Clinton evacuated Philadelphia and moved his troops back to New York City in 1778, in order to stiffen that city's defenses against a possible combined Franco-American attack. Meanwhile, Continental officials like Wharton continued to urge the people of Philadelphia to resist occupation and join up with their local militias in support of Washington. Washington, offended by the behind-the-scenes maneuvering, laid the whole matter openly before Congress. Shortly after the British arrived in New York City, a French fleet arrived outside its harbor, leading to a flurry of action by both sides. Washington then unsuccessfully attacked one of Howe's garrisons at the Germantown before retreating to Valley Forge for the winter. Philadelphia's Independence Hall played host to the Continental Congress. It too was where the Declaration of Independence was signed. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! The NCCs high-tech, interactive exhibitions explore how the document has evolved and influenced United States history through modern times. Washington prepared defenses against Howe's movements at Brandywine Creek, but was flanked and beaten back in the Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777. Where: Christ Church Burial Ground, 340 N. 5th Street. The British also began a wider frontier war organized from Quebec City, using Loyalist and Native American allies. Fact #9: Washington proved the Americans would continue to fight regardless of what cities the British held. Copyright 2017 RevolutionaryWar.us | All Rights Reserved. This ends a source of insecurity for the British colonists along the Atlantic Coast. The Historic American Revolution Trail of Philadelphia Visit Philadelphia Article published on February 1, 2018 The Historic American Revolution Trail of Philadelphia Sites throughout the region recount America's fight for independence Museum of the American Revolution Photo by J. Fusco for the Museum of the American Revolution Fort Mifflin, originally called Fort Island Battery and also known as Mud Island Fort, was commissioned in 1771 and sits on Mud Island (or Deep Water Island) on the Delaware River below Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [nb 1] near Philadelphia International Airport . The situation eventually became untenable for Howe and his troops, and the British finally abandoned the city in June of 1778 and returned to New York, having failed his objective of decisively defeating Washington and crushing Continental morale. Along the same lines Don Higginbotham concludes that in Howe's view, "[The Hudson River campaign] was Burgoyne's whole show, and consequently he [Howe] wanted little to do with it. During its long, storied history, Stenton mansion saw both sides of the war. Devoted solely to American history from 1750-1800, the David Library boasts 10,000 reels of microfilm, nearly 8,000 books and 2,000 pamphlets among its holdings. On the night of September 20, 1777, one of the most infamous events of the American Revolution took place: the Battle of Paoli sometimes referred to as the Paoli Massacre. The sites offer educational programs throughout the year. Philadelphia was the home to some of the rebellion's most recognized proponents such as inventor turned patriot Benjamin Franklin. In 1780, the British began a "southern strategy" to regain control of the rebelling colonies,[22] with the capture of Charleston, South Carolina. With our new multimedia timeline, explore key moments with high-quality images of Museum collection items, video explorations, and the ability to build your own timelines. With regard to Burgoyne's army, he would do only what was required of him (virtually nothing). The countrys second-oldest Revolutionary War monument commemorates lives lost during the Paoli Massacre. Today, the 40-acre site serves as a historical park and memorial grounds with self-guided tours along a three-quarter-mile trail. [3] Germain's approval of Howe's expedition included the expectation that Howe would be able to assist Burgoyne, effecting a junction at Albany between the forces of Burgoyne and troops that Howe would send north from New York City. The city of Philadelphia was, in addition to being the largest city North America at the time, the spiritual heart of Revolutionary America. Howe himself took up residence in the Masters-Penn House, which later became the Presidents House under Washington and Adams, when Philadelphia was the capital of the United States. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Plan your visit to rediscover the Revolution in historic Philadelphia. The Battle of Brandywine was the largest single day battle of the American Revolution. Essential Revolutionary War Sites Surround Philadelphia Historic District Sites & Countryside Battlefields Recount Fight For Independence 1 of 5 Through artifacts and art, the Museum of the American Revolution in Philadelphia is dedicated to telling the story of the American Revolution. Launching a lightning strike, Howe sent forces under Cornwallis in an attempt to cut Washington off from the high ground; this attempt was foiled in the Battle of Short Hills. Read More Internships Learn more about internships at the Museum for undergraduate and graduate students. The Museums family-friendly discovery center, open Saturdays and Sundays, brings to life the Museums lively, diverse Old City neighborhood during the 1700s and invites visitors to learn through hands-on exploration. Washington unsuccessfully attacked Germantown, and then retreated to watch and wait for the British to counterattack. Each Christmas, hearty souls don olonial-era attire and recreate that daring and dangerous river crossing. Our FREE Virtual Teacher Institute is the can't miss online educator event of the summer. Dig into the compelling stories and complex events of the American Revolution with out interactive online learning experiences, including Season of Independence, Picturing Washington's Army, and the award-winning Finding Freedom. The elegant 18th-century townhouse of Samuel and Elizabeth Powel opened to Founding Fathers for post-planning soirees, the Washingtons 20th wedding anniversary, a meal John Adams called a Sinful Feast and dancing in the Rococo ballroom. Despite being led by a whos who of the Continental Army W ashington, Wayne, Lafayette, Knox and others the Americans suffered a major blow. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. Washington's army shadowed Clinton's, and Washington successfully forced a battle at Monmouth Courthouse on June 28, the last major battle in the North. Philadelphias only fort opens to the public during select seasons on select days for tours of barracks, a blacksmith shop, cannon demonstrations and more. Here are 10 facts about how the British gained control of Philadelphia, and later, how the Americans took it back. Salomon is buried at Congregation Mikveh Israel Cemetery. Fact #3: The Americans fought bravely, but were defeated at the Battle of Brandywine, just 10 miles from Philadelphia. Howe's campaign was controversial because, although he successfully captured the American capital of Philadelphia, he proceeded slowly and did not aid the concurrent Saratoga campaign of Lieutenant General John Burgoyne further north, which ended in disaster with the Battles ofSaratoga (First and Second) for the British, and brought France into the war. The constant fear of invasion looming over the city is evidenced in a series of hastily written intelligence reports sent from Pennsylvania President Thomas Wharton to his Safety Council. The battle appeared to go in the Americans'favor, but soon the tide shifted, and Washington was driven back. The Patriots retook the American capital and the British never again made a serious attempt to assault Philadelphia. Howe's plan, sent to Germain on April 2, also effectively isolated Burgoyne from any possibility of significant support, since Howe would be taking his army by sea to Philadelphia, and the New York garrison would be too small for any significant offensive operations up the Hudson River to assist Burgoyne. J. Fusco for The Museum of the American Revolution Sponsored Sponsored The grounds and 1775 school house are open for tours on select days and by appointment. For reasons that are not entirely clear, Howe moved a sizable army to Somerset Court House, south of New Brunswick, New Jersey. While only 53 Americans perished in the nighttime British surprise attack, Patriot propagandists were able to vilify the tactics employed by the . Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort. The National Constitution Center (NCC) picks up the narrative in 1787, three years after the end of the war, with the creation of a new government. In June of 2020, amidst ongoing racial justice protests across the nation, an unknown individual spray-painted "committed genocide" next to the statue of George Washington on the Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Washington's Continental Army had been encamped primarily at Morristown, New Jersey, although there was a forward base at Bound Brook, only a few miles from the nearest British outposts. 20. Tour hours are limited, so check the scheduleonlinebefore planning a visit. Loyalist civilians welcomed the British, while Patriot civilians endured the occupation. By July, Clinton was in New York City, and Washington was again at White Plains, New York. The students are part of a new archaeology field methods class, with the goal of learning more about the history of the property in the Cape May Court House during the Revolutionary War. After further skirmishes and maneuvers, Howe entered and occupied Philadelphia. [9] After the setbacks in New Jersey, Howe in mid-January 1777 proposed operations against Philadelphia that included an overland expedition and a sea-based attack, thinking this might lead to a decisive victory over the Continental Army. He also approved plans by Burgoyne for an expedition to "force his way to Albany" from Montreal. Where: Polish American Cultural Center, 308 Walnut Street. Following Howe's capture of New York and Washington's retreat across the Delaware, Howe on December 20, 1776 wrote to Germain, proposing an elaborate set of campaigns for 1777. ", Howe's decision to not assist Burgoyne may have been rooted in Howe's perception that Burgoyne would receive credit for a successful campaign, even if it required Howe's help; this would not help Howe's reputation, as the Philadelphia expedition would if it succeeded. In 1776, Philadelphia was the largest city in the United States and the first American capital city. The Museum of the American Revolution uncovers and shares compelling stories about the diverse people and complex events that sparked Americas ongoing experiment in liberty, equality, and self-government. Philadelphia County Revolutionary War Militia 1st Battalion, 1777 Commanding Officers: Col. Daniel Hiester ; 5th Battalion, 1780 Commanding Officers: Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. After a prolonged defense of the river by Commodore John Hazelwood and the Continental Navy, the British finally secured the river by taking Fort Mifflin and Fort Mercer in November. 101 South Third Street Philadelphia, PA 19106. On September 26, Howe finally outmaneuvered Washington and marched into Philadelphia unopposed. List of American Revolutionary War battles, American Revolutionary War British northern strategy fails, Valley Forge / Tredyffrin Encampments | September & December 1777, Bibliography of the Continental Army Operations in the Pennsylvania Theater, United States Army Center of Military History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philadelphia_campaign&oldid=1153261332, During the Philadelphia Campaign the British had several maps drafted of the, This page was last edited on 5 May 2023, at 06:08. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. Howe himself wrote to Burgoyne on July 17: "My intention is for Pennsylvania, where I expect to meet Washington, but if he goes to the northward contrary to my expectations, and you can keep him at bay, be assured I shall soon be after him to relieve you." Historians agree that Lord Germain did a poor job in coordinating the two campaigns. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. General Howe resigned his command, and was replaced by Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton as commander-in-chief. With regard to Burgoyne's army, he would do only what was required of him (virtually nothing)." "With the blessing of Heaven, we have strength sufficient, if we will only exert it," one pamphlet decrees. New Jersey, Maryland, Delaware, and Pennsylvania. Cross Keys Caf Hours www.amrevmuseum.org. Fact #1: Philadelphia was the American capital during the War. Would definitely recommend to anyone visiting Philly! On September 26, 1777, the British marched into Philadelphia. Washington realized that Howe "certainly ought in good policy to endeavor to Cooperate with Genl. Recreated to its original design, City Tavern sates 21st-century appetites with hearty fare and beverages delivered by colonial-costumed servers. The bloody business of war still haunts Grumblethorpe, home of the Wister family and occupied by British Brigadier General James Agnew before the Battle of Germantown. For nearly a year, the British occupied the American capital. Please try again later. Fact #8: America retook Philadelphia in June 1778. Despite lack of food, freezing temperatures and rampant illness, the rebels held the ships back, giving Washington time to flee to Valley Forge. Delegates from the former colonies gathered in Philadelphia and elected George Washington to preside over the Constitutional Convention, the result of which was the signing of the United States Constitution, ratified later that year. Where: Fort Mifflin, 82 Fort Mifflin Road. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! Washington at the time puzzled over the reason Howe was not in place to come to the relief of Burgoyne, whose invasion army from Canada was surrounded and captured by the Americans in October. Soon after, as letters from across the country were received by the offices . During the American Revolutionary War, the British Army bombarded and captured the . Exacerbating matters, Washington's soldiers had looted Philadelphia, taking anything that might have been of use to the British. His supporters rallied behind him, and the episode was abated. Years later, Washington moved the First Family into the home, a precursor to the official White House. Under orders from London, Clinton reallocated some of his troops to the West Indies, and began a program of coastal raiding from the Chesapeake to Massachusetts. In and around New York, the armies of Clinton and Washington watched each other and skirmished, with occasional major actions like the Battle of Stony Point and the Battle of Connecticut Farms. Where: Carpenters Hall, 320 Chestnut Street. Where: Paoli Battlefield Historical Park, Monument Avenue & Wayne Avenue, Malvern. Where: Hope Lodge & Mather Mill, 553 S. Bethlehem Pike, Fort Washington. The Philadelphia campaign (17771778) was a British effort in the American Revolutionary War to gain control of Philadelphia, which was then the seat of the Revolutionary-era Second Continental Congress. This 3,500-acre national park is the site of the 1777-1778 winter encampment of George Washingtons Continental Army. From there, he advanced northward toward Philadelphia. After a series of small skirmishes, the British finally did just that at the Battle of Brandywine that September, but though Howe inflicted heavy casualties on the American troops, he failed to destroy the Washingtons Army, which relocated to Lancaster along with the Continental Congress. However, the fleet did not enter the Delaware, instead continuing south. A Georgian estate designed by the architect behind Independence Hall, Hope Lodge served as quarters for Washingtons most dependable general, Nathaniel Green, and was used as a hospital by Washingtons Surgeon General John Cochran in the fall of 1777. Meanwhile, the British needed a supply route along the Delaware River to support their occupation of Philadelphia. Read More Accessibility By July, Clinton was in New York City, and Washington was again at White Plains, New York. Where: Museum of the American Revolution, 101 S. 3rd Street. Washington's problems at this time were not just with the British. On September 11, 1777, 30,000 American and British soldiers faced off here in the largest land of battle of the Revolution. In early December, Washington successfully repelled a series of probes by General Howe in the Battle of White Marsh. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. With Philadelphia sitting as the seat of the revolutionary American government, British General Sir William Howe looked to take the pivotal city. Tickets, which are required for tours, are free and available at the Independence Visitor Center. In 18th Century warfare, it was normal that the side who captured the opposing force's capital city won the war. Both armies were back where they had been two years earlier. The latter Howe saw as attractive, since Washington was then just north of the city: Howe wrote that he was "persuaded the Principal Army should act offensively [against Philadelphia], where the enemy's chief strength lies. A Revolutionary War Itinerary for the city of Philadelphia. For visitors eager to delve into this tumultuous time in history, the Museum of the American Revolution located in the heart of Philadelphias Historic District delivers a full-picture story of this world-changing war, creating the perfect starting point for exploration. At the end of the campaign, the two armies were roughly in the same positions that they had been before Howe launched the attack on Philadelphia. After Arnold's betrayal was revealed to the world, Peggy would move with him to England after the war. Historian John Alden notes the jealousies among various British leaders, saying, "It is likely that [Howe] was as jealous of Burgoyne as Burgoyne was of him and that he was not eager to do anything which might assist his junior up the ladder of military renown. Our FREE Virtual Teacher Institute is the can't miss online educator event of the summer. Plan Your Visit Walking & Guided Tours Considering the possibility that Howe was again feinting, and would actually sail his army up the Hudson to join with Burgoyne, he remained near New York. I had an absolute blast in the museum. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. The Continental Congress quickly moved back into Philadelphia after the British abandoned the city. Fact #10: This was the first of the three times the United States capital city was attacked by an army in American history. The Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 (also known as the Philadelphia Mutiny) was an anti-government protest by nearly 400 soldiers of the Continental Army in June 1783. Browse a curated collection of excerpts from more than 200 thought-provoking books about the American Revolution and its ongoing legacy. Had it not been for a variety of mistakes, they probably could have won the war. Find the perfect way to include the Museum in your giving plans, including planned and tribute gifts. Only when he received word that Howe's fleet had reached the mouth of the Delaware, did he need to consider the defense of Philadelphia. Where: Valley Forge National Historical Park, 1400 N. Outer Line Drive, King of Prussia. Meanwhile, the British needed to open a supply route along the Delaware River to support their occupation of Philadelphia. Long before the first musket shot was fired in Lexington in 1775, the seeds of the American Revolution were taking root in Philadelphia as the colonists declared their independence and began preparing for war. However, the army eventually emerged from Valley Forge in good order, thanks in part to a training program supervised by Major General Friedrichvon von Steuben. Though fighting in Pennsylvania and the surrounding colonies would continue until 1780, any plans to recapture Philadelphia were abandoned and the city would remain an important location for governing the independent colonies until the founding of Washington D.C. Shortly after the British arrived in New York, a French fleet arrived outside its harbor, leading to a flurry of action by both sides. Where: Germantown White House (Deshler-Morris House), 5442 Germantown Avenue. Washington had intelligence that Howe had not brought watercraft or the necessary equipment for constructing them, so this move seemed unlikely to him to be a move toward the Delaware River. Howe resigned during the occupation of Philadelphia and was replaced by his second-in-command, General Sir Henry Clinton. The ragtag Continental army had this Polish war hero to thank for the brilliant military engineering that helped them pummel the Redcoats in several battles. During the Continental Armys winter encampment at Valley Forge, General Mad Anthony Wayne, one of Washingtons most celebrated generals, would sometimes return to his family home, Historic Waynesborough, for a good nights sleep. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. For reasons that are not entirely clear, Howe moved a sizable army to Somerset Court House, south of New Brunswick. Subscribe to our newsletter to stay up to date with the latest events and stories. Visit the Museum, located in the heart of historic Philadelphia, just steps from Independence Hall and the Liberty Bell. Two-and-a-half centuries after the Revolution, dozens of key sites and landmarks throughout the region remain, giving visitors a glimpse into the fascinating stories of this immensely important era in history. The New Hall Military Museum, a reconstruction of the first Secretary of Wars headquarters, features exhibits that trace the founding of the U.S. Marines, Army and Navy during the Revolution. "Let us then rise, like men, in earnest; let us not fall behind the other parts of the continent, but let the force of Pennsylvania be once more felt and acknowledged, as it often has been, by the enemy." This plan was developed to the extent that in April, Howe's army was seen constructing pontoon bridges; Washington, lodged in his winter quarters at Morristown, New Jersey, thought they were for eventual use on the Delaware River. This effort would ultimately fail at Yorktown. Where: Brandywine Battlefield Park, 878 Baltimore Pike, Chadds Ford. Join us online July 24-26! Paoli Massacre Germantown Fort Mifflin Whitemarsh British in Philadelphia Quick Revolutionary War Tour 1765-1777 Washington as a Captain in the French and Indian War by Junius Brutus Stearns c. 1851 The British defeated the French and their Native American allies in the French and Indian War (1754-1763). The museum was opened to the public on April 19, 2017, the 242nd anniversary of the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the first battles of the American Revolutionary War, on April 19, 1775. Before the battle, Washington himself may have surveyed the Brandywine from a hill behind the Chads House. Visits to Wyck (available during select seasons on select days) include tours of the houses antique-filled first floor, the countrys oldest rose garden and a working quarter-acre farm. Whether you're learning from the classroom or the comfort of your home, experience the Museum from anywhere at any time with our digital resources. Exemptions were extremely limited, and an estimated 60,000 men were enrolled. Howe's petty squabbles ultimately led to Burgoyne's disastrous defeat at Saratoga, which not only emboldened the Continental Army but also secured French support for American independence. The Museum of the American Revolution is a museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dedicated to telling the story of the American Revolution. At the end of the campaign, the two armies were roughly in the same positions they were at its beginning. 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